Tokhari

July 3rd, 2009

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The Tokhari are a tribe of people mentioned in some writings of antiquity. It appears that there probably was such a tribe extant at one time or another, but they also appear in some mythological accounts, such as that of Atlantis. Differing accounts of their characteristics make it difficult to know much about them, including where they came from and what happened to them.

The earliest mention of the Tokhari dates to the 13th century BCE.Specifically, the Tokhari are mentioned in connection with a naval battle with Ramesses III, which they are said to have lost. Like most of the people vanquished by the New Kingdom of Egypt, they were subjugated and made slaves. Donnelly presents the Tokhari, who are contemporaries of the Phoenecians, as possessing Celtic features, saying, “Those familiar with the Scotch Highlanders may recognize a speaking likeness” He clearly believed that the Tokhari came to the eastern Mediterranean from western Europe.

However, the Tokhari are also mentioned, by Strabo, as a 2nd century BCE tribe that originated from east of Bactria, from a place near the Jaxartes, in central Asia. In this context they are generally referred to as a Turkic people.

Bellew, writing in the 19 century, stated that the descendents of the Tokhari continue to live in Afghanistan, though they are now called the Turklànrì.

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Harold Edward Monro

July 2nd, 2009

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South African Council for the Architectural Profession

July 2nd, 2009

The South African Council for the Architectural Profession is a professional organization for the architectural community in South Africa. Its aim is to maintain the standard of education given to architects at technikons and universities through the granting of professional certification. These functions where taken over from the South African Council for Architects in 2001 due to the Architectural Profession Act 2000, Act 44 of 2000.

Mission statement

The South African Council for the Architectural Profession was established “To guide, facilitate and promote a high standard of competency and responsibility in the architectural profession and to increase public awareness of the range of architectural services offered. To ensure the profession fulfills its total role in the development of South Africa.”

References

  1. ^ “South African Council for the Architectural Profession”. South African Council for the Architectural Profession. http://www.sacapsa.com/. Retrieved on 2007-02-01. 

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USS Conway

July 2nd, 2009

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Conway, after William Conway, who refused to haul down his country’s flag during the surrender of the Pensacola Navy Yard.

  • USS Conway (DD-70), a new name for Caldwell class destroyer USS Craven (DD-70), launched in 1918 and renamed in 1939. She was transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS Lewes, in 1940. She was scrapped in 1945.
  • USS Conway (DD-507), a Fletcher-class destroyer, launched in 1942 and struck in 1969.

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Undersecretary of State

July 2nd, 2009

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An undersecretary is an executive government official in many countries, frequently a career public servant, who typically acts as a senior administrator or second-in-command to a politically-appointed Cabinet Minister or other government official. The title is used in many different political systems.

Contents

  • 1 United States
    • 1.1 Historical use
  • 2 United Kingdom
  • 3 Italy
  • 4 Hong Kong
  • 5 Undersecretaries in fiction
  • 6 References

United States

In the United States executive branch, an undersecretary is a senior official in a government department, junior to a departmental Secretary such as the Secretary of State. An Undersecretary is typically a career government official, as opposed to a political appointee; they may head specific sub-departments or agencies such as the Defense Intelligence Agency, or be responsible for a specific area of policy within the department, e.g. the Undersecretary for Management within the Department of State.

While the Cabinet Secretary provides vision and direction, undersecretaries run the department and are often considered the political counterpart to a Chief Operating Officer, albeit for a specific branch.

Historical use

Before 1972, “Undersecretary” (also spelled “Under Secretary”) signified the senior deputy to a cabinet Secretary, especially of State and Treasury. The Under Secretary would typically be a political appointee. The office of Under Secretary of State was replaced by the Deputy Secretary of State and the office of Under Secretary of the Treasury was replaced by the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

United Kingdom

The title of Undersecretary is used in two different contexts in the British political system. A Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State is a junior member of the government, always an MP from the governing party, who is appointed to assist a Secretary of State or other government minister. They rank between a Minister of State and a Parliamentary Private Secretary; the rank is usually seen as a stepping-stone to higher political office. In contrast, a Permanent Undersecretary is a civil servant employed to head part of a government department and oversee the implementation of policy.

Italy

In Italy, Undersecretary is a second-in-command to a politically-appointed Minister. In particular, he/she is appointed with a President of the Republic Decree, on proposal of the Prime Minister, who previously agreed such proposal with the relevant Minister.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, undersecretary is a position created in 2008 to work closely with bureau secretaries and top civil servants to implement the Chief Executive’s policy blueprint and agenda in an executive-led government. The appointment of undersecretaries and political assistants is an extension of the Principal Officials Accountability System into today’s Political Appointments System.

Undersecretaries in fiction

In the BBC political drama The State Within, the Undersecretary for Defence Intelligence is one of the major characters. In the popular book series, Harry Potter, by author J.K. Rowling, Dolores Jane Umbridge acts as the Senior Undersecretary to Minister for Magic, Cornelius Fudge in the 5th installment, Order of the Phoenix. She later serves to Ministers Rufus Scrimgeour and Pius Thicknesse before she is incarcerated for crimes against muggle-borns. In the book The Screwtape Letters by C. S. Lewis, Screwtape, The Under Secretary of Hell writes letters to his junior tempter nephew Wormwood.

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William Foley (football coach)

July 2nd, 2009

William Foley

Title Head coach
College Cincinnati
Sport Football
Career highlights
Overall 0-7-2
Coaching stats
College Football DataWarehouse
Coaching career (HC unless noted)
1906 Cincinnati

William Foley is a former head coach of the Cincinnati college football program from 1906.

Head Coaching Record

Year Team Overall Conference Standing Bowl Coaches# AP°
1906 Cincinnati 0-7-2
Total: 0-7-2
Indicates BCS bowl game. #Rankings from final Coaches Poll of the season.

References

  1. ^ “Cincinnati Football Records”. New York Times. http://sportsnetwork.com/default.asp?c=nytimes&page=cfoot/teams/direct476.htm. Retrieved on 2007-12-08. 

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Hot 100 Airplay number-one hits of 1998 (USA)

July 2nd, 2009

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This is a list of the U.S. Billboard magazine Hot 100 Airplay number-ones of 1998.

Issue Date Song Artist
January 3 “Tubthumping” Chumbawamba
January 10 “Tubthumping” Chumbawamba
January 17 “Tubthumping” Chumbawamba
January 24 “Tubthumping” Chumbawamba
January 31 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
February 7 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
February 14 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
February 21 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
February 28 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
March 7 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
March 14 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
March 21 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
March 28 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
April 4 “My Heart Will Go On” Céline Dion
April 11 “Truly Madly Deeply” Savage Garden
April 18 “Truly Madly Deeply” Savage Garden
April 25 “Truly Madly Deeply” Savage Garden
May 2 “Truly Madly Deeply” Savage Garden
May 9 “Truly Madly Deeply” Savage Garden
May 16 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
May 23 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
May 30 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
June 6 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
June 13 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
June 20 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
June 27 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
July 4 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
July 11 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
July 18 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
July 25 “Torn” Natalie Imbruglia
August 1 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
August 8 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
August 15 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
August 22 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
August 29 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
September 5 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
September 12 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
September 19 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
September 26 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
October 3 “I Don’t Want to Miss a Thing” Aerosmith
October 10 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
October 17 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
October 24 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
October 31 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
November 7 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
November 14 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
November 21 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
November 28 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
December 5 “Iris” Goo Goo Dolls
December 12 “Lullaby” Shawn Mullins
December 19 “Lullaby” Shawn Mullins
December 26 “Have You Ever?” Brandy

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Fults, Illinois

July 2nd, 2009

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Fults
Village
Name origin: Jacob Fults, early settler
Country United States
State Illinois
County Monroe
Precinct 13
Coordinates 38°9?56?N 90°12?52?W? / ?38.16556°N 90.21444°W? / 38.16556; -90.21444
Area 0.1 sq mi (0 km²)
 - land 0.1 sq mi (0 km²)
Population 28 (2000)
Density 411.2 /sq mi (159 /km²)
Founded 1937
Date April 12
Timezone CST (UTC-6)
 - summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
Postal code 62244
Area code 618

Location of Fults within Illinois

Location of Fults <a href=within Illinois” src=”http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Illinois_-_outline_map.svg/256px-Illinois_-_outline_map.svg.png” width=”256″ height=”347″ />

Location of Fults within Illinois

Wikimedia Commons: Fults, Illinois

Fults is a village in the Renault precinct of Monroe County, Illinois, United States. The population was 28 at the 2000 census. It is located entirely within the American Bottom floodplain.

Contents

  • 1 Geography
  • 2 History
  • 3 Demographics
  • 4 References
  • 5 External links

Geography

Fults is located at 38°9?56?N 90°12?52?W? / ?38.16556°N 90.21444°W? / 38.16556; -90.21444 (38.165688, -90.214395).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.2 km²), all of it land.

History

It was named for Jacob Fults, born in Pennsylvania in 1793, to German immigrants. Fults, after leaving the service of the United States during the War of 1812 in 1817, settled on Moredock Lake. He then moved to the Renault precinct, first up Braun’s Hollow, then in 1829 to the settlement known at the time as Braunsberg, which would eventually take his name, until his death in 1841.

A site on the bluffs just north of Fults, overlooking the Bottoms is known as Saltpetre Cave and took its name from the quantities of bat guano mined there for potassium nitrate which was used in the local manufacture of black powder by the French at Fort de Chartres and later inhabitants. This cave, cut into the side of the bluffs, and an excellent defensive position, was one of the last refuges for Native Americans in the region. It was a popular site in the area for rappelling and hiking, until access to it was restricted in the aftermath of the Great Flood of 1993 and several accidents at the site.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 9 households, and 8 families residing in the village. The population density was 411.2 people per square mile (154.4/km²). There were 10 housing units at an average density of 146.9/sq mi (55.2/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.

There were 9 households out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 88.9% were married couples living together, and 11.1% were non-families. No households were made up of individuals and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the village the population was spread out with 21.4% under the age of 18, 21.4% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 3.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $47,813, and the median income for a family was $48,438. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,389. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.

References

  1. ^ “US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990″. United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 
  2. ^ Combined History of Randolph, Monroe and Perry Counties, Illinois, J. L. McDonough & Co., Philadelphia, 1883
  3. ^ “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 

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Buckeye Bridge

July 2nd, 2009

Buckeye Bridge
U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Buckeye Bridge is located in Illinois

Buckeye Bridge

Location: Smithfield, Fulton County, Illinois, USA
Coordinates: 40°28?23?N 90°17?34?W? / ?40.47306°N 90.29278°W? / 40.47306; -90.29278
Built/Founded: 1910
MPS: MPL011 - Metal Highway Bridges of Fulton County Thematic Resources
Added to NRHP: October 29, 1980
NRHP Reference#: 80001361

Buckeye Bridge also known as White’s Ferry Bridge was one of nine metal highway bridges in Fulton County, Illinois once listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Buckeye is one of the five bridges that have been demolished out of nine similar bridges in the county. This particular one was over the Spoon River near Smithfield, Illinois. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1980, along with the eight other bridges, as one of the “Metal Highway Bridges of Fulton County”. The bridge was one of three near Smithfield listed on the Register, the others are the Bernadotte Bridge and the Tartar’s Ferry Bridge. Others, such as the Babylon Bend Bridge in Ellisville, are located throughout the county. Another Smithfield area bridge, Elrod Bridge, was nominated with the original Multiple Property Submission but removed from the Register after its 1995 destruction by an F-4 tornado.

The Buckeye Bridge is one of the bridges in this particular Multiple Property Submission that has been demolished since its inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

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US Olympic Team

July 2nd, 2009

United States at the Olympic Games

Flag of the United States
IOC code  USA
NOC United States Olympic Committee
external link
Olympic history
Summer Games
1896 • 1900 • 1904 • 1908 • 1912 • 1920 • 1924 • 1928 • 1932 • 1936 • 1948 • 1952 • 1956 • 1960 • 1964 • 1968 • 1972 • 1976 • 1980 • 1984 • 1988 • 1992 • 1996 • 2000 • 2004 • 2008
Winter Games
1924 • 1928 • 1932 • 1936 • 1948 • 1952 • 1956 • 1960 • 1964 • 1968 • 1972 • 1976 • 1980 • 1984 • 1988 • 1992 • 1994 • 1998 • 2002 • 2006

The United States (USA) has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games, except the 1980 Summer Olympics, which it boycotted. The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States.

Tom Burke was the first athlete to represent the United States at the Olympics. He took first place in both the 100 meters and the 400 meters of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

American athletes have won a total of 2298 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 216 at the Winter Olympic Games. More medals have been won in athletics (track and field) (738, 29%) and swimming (489, 19%) than any others. The United States is the only country to have won at least one gold medal at every Winter Olympics but has only won the total medal count at Lake Placid in the 1932 Winter Olympics.

Contents

  • 1 Hosted Games
  • 2 Medal tables
    • 2.1 Medals by Summer Games
    • 2.2 Medals by Winter Games
    • 2.3 Medals by summer sport
    • 2.4 Medals by winter sport
  • 3 See also
  • 4 References

Hosted Games

The United States has hosted the Games on eight occasions, four times each for the Summer and Winter Games:

Games Host city Dates Nations Participants Events
1904 Summer Olympics St. Louis, Missouri July 1November 23 12 651 91
1932 Winter Olympics Lake Placid, New York February 4–15 17 252 14
1932 Summer Olympics Los Angeles, California July 30August 14 37 1332 117
1960 Winter Olympics Squaw Valley, California February 18–28 30 665 27
1980 Winter Olympics Lake Placid, New York February 13–24 37 1072 38
1984 Summer Olympics Los Angeles, California July 28August 12 140 6829 221
1996 Summer Olympics Atlanta, Georgia July 18August 4 197 10318 271
2002 Winter Olympics Salt Lake City, Utah February 8–24 77 2399 78

Medal tables

See also: All-time Olympic Games medal count

Medals by Summer Games

Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
1896 Athens 11 7 2 20
1900 Paris 19 14 14 47
1904 St. Louis (host nation) 79 83 80 242
1908 London 23 12 12 47
1912 Stockholm 25 19 19 63
1920 Antwerp 41 27 27 95
1924 Paris 45 27 27 99
1928 Amsterdam 22 18 16 56
1932 Los Angeles (host nation) 41 32 30 103
1936 Berlin 24 20 12 56
1948 London 38 27 19 84
1952 Helsinki 40 19 17 76
1956 Melbourne/Stockholm 32 25 17 74
1960 Rome 34 21 16 71
1964 Tokyo 36 26 28 90
1968 Mexico City 45 28 34 107
1972 Munich 33 31 30 94
1976 Montreal 34 35 25 94
1980 Moscow did not participate
1984 Los Angeles (host nation) 83 61 30 174
1988 Seoul 36 31 27 94
1992 Barcelona 37 34 37 108
1996 Atlanta (host nation) 44 32 25 101
2000 Sydney 36 24 31 91
2004 Athens 36 39 27 102
2008 Beijing 36 38 36 110
Total* 930 730 638 2298

Medals by Winter Games

Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
1924 Chamonix 1 2 1 4
1928 St. Moritz 2 2 2 6
1932 Lake Placid (host nation) 6 4 2 12
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1 0 3 4
1948 St. Moritz 3 4 2 9
1952 Oslo 4 6 1 11
1956 Cortina d’Ampezzo 2 3 2 7
1960 Squaw Valley (host nation) 3 4 3 10
1964 Innsbruck 1 2 3 6
1968 Grenoble 1 5 1 7
1972 Sapporo 3 2 3 8
1976 Innsbruck 3 3 4 10
1980 Lake Placid (host nation) 6 4 2 12
1984 Sarajevo 4 4 0 8
1988 Calgary 2 1 3 6
1992 Albertville 5 4 2 11
1994 Lillehammer 6 5 2 13
1998 Nagano 6 3 4 13
2002 Salt Lake City (host nation) 10 13 11 34
2006 Turin 9 9 7 25
Total* 78 80 58 216

Medals by summer sport

Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total
Athletics 311 238 189 738
Swimming 214 155 120 489
Wrestling 50 43 32 125
Shooting 50 29 24 103
Diving 48 41 42 131
Boxing 48 23 38 109
Rowing 31 31 22 84
Gymnastics 30 35 30 95
Sailing 19 23 17 59
Basketball 19 2 3 24
Tennis 17 5 10 32
Weightlifting 16 16 11 43
Cycling 14 15 21 50
Archery 14 9 8 31
Equestrian 11 20 18 49
Volleyball 8 3 3 14
Canoeing 5 5 6 16
Synchronized swimming 5 2 2 9
Golf 3 3 4 10
Football 3 2 1 6
Softball 3 1 0 4
Fencing 2 7 11 20
Taekwondo 2 2 2 6
Rugby 2 0 0 2
Water polo 1 6 5 12
Tug of war 1 1 1 3
Roque 1 1 1 3
Baseball 1 0 2 3
Jeu de paume 1 0 0 1
Modern pentathlon 0 6 3 9
Judo 0 3 7 10
Polo 0 1 1 2
Lacrosse 0 1 0 1
Field hockey 0 0 2 2
Triathlon 0 0 1 1
Total* 930 729 637 2296

Medals by winter sport

Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total
Speed skating 28 20 15 63
Figure skating 13 15 16 44
Alpine skiing 12 15 4 31
Bobsleigh 6 6 6 18
Snowboarding 5 4 5 14
Freestyle skiing 4 4 2 10
Short track speed skating 4 3 5 12
Ice hockey 3 8 2 13
Skeleton 3 3 0 6
Luge 0 2 2 4
Cross-country skiing 0 1 0 1
Ski jumping 0 0 1 1
Curling 0 0 1 1
Total* 78 81 59 218

*Total medal counts include two medals – one silver and one bronze – awarded in the ice hockey and figure skating events at the 1920 Summer Olympics. These medals are included in the summer games medal totals and the winter sport medal totals. This is why the totals for summer and winter games do not match the totals for summer and winter sports.

See also

  • Category:Olympic competitors for the United States

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