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This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions are available. (September 2009)
Hamadryas argentea
Conservation status
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Ranunculales
Family:
Ranunculaceae
Genus:
Hamadryas
Species:
H. argentea
Binomial name
Hamadryas argentea
Hook.f.
Hamadryas argentea (also called Silvery Buttercup) is a species of plant in the Ranunculaceae family. It is endemic to Falkland Islands. Its natural habitats are temperate shrubland, temperate grassland, and rocky shores.
Source
Broughton, D.A. & McAdam, J.H. 2003. Hamadryas argentea. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 August 2007.
This Ranunculales article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamadryas_argentea”
Categories: IUCN Red List near threatened species | Ranunculaceae | Flora of the Falkland Islands | Near threatened plants | Ranunculales stubsHidden categories: Orphaned articles from September 2009 | All orphaned articles
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This page was last modified on 27 December 2009 at 17:58.
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Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2007)
The original Telstarhad a roughly spherical shape.
Telstar is the name of various communications satellites, including the first ever such satellite able to relay television signals.
The first two Telstar satellites were “Telstar 1″, launched July 10, 1962 and operational until February 21, 1963, and “Telstar 2″, launched May 7, 1963 and operational until May 16, 1965. They were experimental, and nearly identical. Telstar 1 relayed the first television pictures, telephone calls and fax images through space and provided the first live transatlantic television feed.
Contents
1Description
2In service
3Newer Telstars
4Derivative uses of the name
5See also
6References
7External links
Description
Belonging to AT&T, the original Telstar was part of a multi-national agreement between AT&T, Bell Telephone Laboratories, NASA, the British General Post Office, and the French National PTT (Post, Telegraph & Telecom Office) to develop experimental satellite communications over the Atlantic Ocean. Bell Labs held a contract with NASA, reimbursing the agency three million dollars for each of the two launches, independent of success. The US ground station was Andover Earth Station in Andover, Maine, built by Bell Labs. William H Gill Jr. was a technician working for AT&T at that time and assisted in the technical details of the communications. The main British ground station was at Goonhilly Downs in southwestern England, and it was used by the BBC. It was the international coordinator and the standards 525/405 conversion equipment (filling a large room) was researched and developed by the BBC and located in the BBC Television Centre, London. The French ground station was at Pleumeur-Bodou (data for this location”>48°47?10?N3°31?26?W? / ?48.78611°N 3.52389°W? / 48.78611; -3.52389) in north-western France.
The satellite was built by a team at Bell Telephone Laboratories, including John Robinson Pierce who created the project, Rudy Kompfner who invented the traveling wave tube transponder used in the satellite, and James M. Early who designed the transistors and solar panels for it. The satellite is roughly spherical, measures 34.5 inches (876.30 mm) in length, and weighs about 170 pounds (77 kg). Its dimensions were limited by what would fit in one of NASA’s Delta rockets. Telstar was spin-stabilized, and its outer surface was covered with solar cells to generate electrical power. The power produced was a tiny 14 watts.
The original Telstar had one innovative transponder to relay data, which was a television channel or multiplexed telephone circuits. An omnidirectional array of small antenna elements around the satellite’s “equator” received 6 GHz microwave signals to be relayed. The transponder converted the frequency to 4 GHz, amplified the signals in a traveling-wave tube, and retransmitted them omnidirectionally via the adjacent array of larger box-shaped cavities. The prominent helical antenna was for telecommands from a ground station.
Launched by NASA aboard a Delta rocket from Cape Canaveral on July 10, 1962, Telstar 1 was the first privately sponsored space launch. A medium-altitude satellite, Telstar was placed in an elliptical orbit completed once every 2 hours and 37 minutes, inclined at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the equator, with perigee about 1000 km from Earth and apogee about 6000 km from Earth (This is in contrast to most of today’s communications satellites, which are placed in circular geostationary orbits.)
Due to its non-geosynchronous orbit, Telstar’s availability for transatlantic signals was limited to 20 minutes in each orbit that passed over the Atlantic Ocean. Ground antennas had to track the satellite as it came around the world approximately every two and a half hours. Since the transmitting and receiving radio systems on board Telstar were not nearly as powerful or capable as those of today’s satellites, the ground antennas had to be huge. Morimi Iwama and Jan Norton of Bell Laboratories were in charge of designing and building the electrical portions of the system that steered the antennas. The aperture of the antennas was 3,600 square feet (330 m2). The antennas were 177 feet (54 m) long and weighed 380 tons. The antennas were housed in radomes the size of a 14-story office building. The challenge was to steer the huge antennas to track the satellite that moved up to 1.5 degrees per second with a pointing error of less than 0.06 degrees.
In service
Telstar 1 relayed its first, and non-public, television pictures – of a flag outside Andover Earth Station – to Pleumeur-Bodou on July 11, 1962. Almost two weeks later, on July 23, at 3:00 p.m. EDT, it relayed the first publicly available live transatlantic television signal. The broadcast was made possible in Europe by Eurovision and in North America by NBC, CBS, ABC, and the CBC. The first public broadcast featured CBS’s Walter Cronkite and NBC’s Chet Huntley in New York, and the BBC’s Richard Dimbleby in Brussels. The first pictures were the Statue of Liberty in New York and the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The first broadcast was to have been remarks by President John F. Kennedy, but the signal was acquired before the President was ready, so the lead-in time was filled with a short segment of a televised major league baseball game between the Philadelphia Phillies and the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field. The batter Tony Taylor was seen hitting the ball to the right fielder George Altman. From there, the video switched first to Washington, DC; then to Cape Canaveral, Florida; then to Quebec, Canada and finally to Stratford, Ontario. The Washington segment included a press conference with President Kennedy, talking about the price of the American dollar, which was causing concern in Europe.
During that evening, Telstar 1 also relayed the first telephone call to be transmitted through space, and it successfully transmitted faxes, data, and both live and taped television, including the first live transmission of television across an ocean from Andover, Maine to Goonhilly Downs, England and Pleumeur-Bodou, France. (An experimental passive satellite, Echo 1, had been used to reflect and redirect communications signals two years earlier, in 1960.) In August 1963, Telstar 1 became the first satellite used to synchronize time between two continents, bringing the United Kingdom and the United States to within 1 microsecond of each other (previoius efforts were only accurate to 2000 microseconds).
Telstar 1, which had ushered in a new age of the benevolent use of technology, became a victim of technology during the Cold War. The day before Telstar 1 was launched, the United States had tested a high-altitude nuclear bomb (called Starfish Prime) which energized the Earth’s Van Allen Belt where Telstar 1 went into orbit. This vast increase in radiation, combined with subsequent high-altitude blasts, including a Soviet test in October, overwhelmed Telstar’s fragile transistors; it went out of service in early December 1962, but was restarted by a workaround in early January 1963. The additional radiation associated with its return to full sunlight once again caused a transistor failure, this time irreparably, and Telstar 1 went out of service on February 21, 1963.
According to the US Space Objects Registry, Telstar 1 and 2 were still in orbit as of June 2009.
Experiments continued, and by 1964, two Telstars, two Relay units (from RCA), and two Syncom units (from the Hughes Aircraft Company) had operated successfully in space. Syncom 2 was the first geosynchronous satellite and its successor, Syncom 3, broadcast pictures from the 1964 Summer Olympics. The first commercial geosynchronous satellite was Intelsat I (”Early Bird”) launched in 1965.
Newer Telstars
These were similar to the previous Telstar satellites in name only. The later ones were much more advanced electronically and mechanically, geosynchronous satellites, and built for commercial applications, and not just experimental or developmental satellites.
The second wave of “Telstar” satellites launched with Telstar 301 in 1983, and it was followed by Telstar 302 in 1984, and by Telstar 303 in 1985.
The next wave, starting with Telstar 401 came in 1993, which was lost in 1997 due to a magnetic storm, and then Telstar 402 was launched but destroyed shortly after in 1994. It was replaced in 1995 by Telstar 402R, eventually renamed Telstar 4.
Telstar 10 was launched in China in 1997 by APT Satellite Company, Ltd.
In 2003, Telstars 4–8 and 13 — Loral Skynet’s North American fleet — were sold to Intelsat. Telstar 4 suffered complete failure prior to the handover. The others were renamed the Intelsat Americas 5, 6, etc. At the time of the sale, Telstar 8 was still under construction by Space Systems/Loral, and it was finally launched on June 23, 2005 by Sea Launch.
Telstar 18 was launched in June 2004 by Sea Launch. The upper stage of the rocket underperformed, but the satellite used its significant stationkeeping fuel margin to achieve its operational geostationary orbit. It has enough on-board fuel remaining to allow it to exceed its specified 13-year design life.
Derivative uses of the name
Joe Meek composed a popular instrumental recording in 1962, named Telstar after the satellite; it was originally performed by The Tornados and covered by The Ventures among many others. Sound effects on the record, intended to symbolize radio signals, were produced by Meek running a pen around the rim of an ashtray, and then playing the tape of it in reverse.
Robert Calvert wrote lyrics which he performed in the early 1980s to the tune of the Joe Meek and The Tornados song.
Susanna Hoffs released Wishing On Telstar on her 1991 album When You’re a Boy.
Takako Minekawa covered the Joe Meek and The Tornados classic on her 1998 album Cloudy Cloud Calculator
In the Netherlands, a football club formed from a merger was named SC Telstar after the satellites.
The Scottish band Telstar Ponies included Teenage Fanclub drummer Brendan O’Hare.
The Telstar was also the name of a Ford car sold in Asia, Australasia and Southern Africa.
Telstar Regional High School in Bethel, Maine, is named after the satellite.
The Adidas Telstar football (soccer ball) was designed for use in the 1970 and 1974 FIFA World Cup tournaments.
Project: Telstar is an anthology of robot-and space-themed comics published in 2003 by AdHouse Books.
The Coleco Telstar was a 1970s video game console based on the General Instruments AY-3-8500 chip
There is an optional boss character called Telstar in the video game Final Fantasy VI
See also
List of communications satellite firsts
References
^ abHelen Gavaghan (1998). Something New Under the Sun: Satellites and the Beginning of the Space Age. Springer. ISBN 0387949143. http://books.google.com/books?id=z3bN76jIBjkC&pg=PA180&dq=telstar+pierce&as_brr=3&ei=6PnZRorJEpzmpwKop-GSCw&sig=l5Qi-eC5I0hPWDcH-Eq1QpwhNcA.
^Leo Sivan (1994). Microwave Tube Transmitters. Springer. ISBN 0412579502. http://books.google.com/books?id=o2o1R7I8rvEC&pg=PA3&dq=telstar+twt+kompfner&ei=WPjZRqmtFY2EpgLNqN2SCw&sig=kJAfqeIYoElj6Up3a-ahij0IJIU.
^John Markoff (2004-01-19). “James Early, Engineer, 81; Helped Create A Transistor”. Obituaries. The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DE0D71739F93AA25752C0A9629C8B63.
^ abAn Introduction to Satellite Communications, page 3, D. I. Dalgleish, 1989
^“IEEE History Center: First Transatlantic Transmission of a Television Signal via Satellite, 1962″. IEEE History Center. 2002. http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/telstar_maine.html. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
^ abcdefgWalter Cronkite. “Telstar”. NPR. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgplIWibv4Q&feature=related. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
^ Box Score
^ Telstar, Kennedy, and World Gold & Currency Markets, YouTube
^“Significant Achievements in Space Communications and Navigation, 1958-1964″. NASA-SP-93. NASA. 1966. pp. 30–32. http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19660009169_1966009169.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
^Daniel R. Glover (2005-04-12). “TELSTAR”. NASA Experimental Communications Satellites. http://roland.lerc.nasa.gov/~dglover/sat/telstar.html. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
^Ralph D. Lorenz, David Michael Harland (2005). Space Systems Failures: Disasters and Rescues of Satellites, Rocket and Space Probes. Springer. ISBN 0387215190. http://books.google.com/books?id=g-UOdh34utQC&pg=RA2-PA266&dq=telstar+transistors+radiation+starfish&ei=Cc3ZRsr6FIKmowKO3eySCw&ie=ISO-8859-1&sig=WUcdA_54_3BVeGJNPokAmRrhBYk.
^“Space Objects Listed by International Designator (updated 06-2009)”. US Space Objects Registry. http://usspaceobjectsregistry.state.gov/registry/dsp_DetailView.cfm?id=90&searched=1. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
^ SAT ND
^“The Spirit of The P/age”. http://www.aural-innovations.com/robertcalvert/words/performancepieces.htm.
External links
Walter Cronkite on the first broadcast using Telstar: http://www.npr.org/ramfiles/atc/20020723.atc.15.ram
List of Communications Satellites
National Geographic Magazine article on Telstar from the May, 1962 issue
Universal Newsreel on Telstar
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstar”
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This page was last modified on 16 February 2010 at 16:11.
Nazareth Academy High School (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
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Nazareth Academy High School
Address
4001 Grant Avenue Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19114 United States
Coordinates
40°3?36?N74°59?21?W? / ?40.06°N 74.98917°W? / 40.06; -74.98917Coordinates: 40°3?36?N74°59?21?W? / ?and other data for this location”>40.06°N 74.98917°W? / 40.06; -74.98917
Information
Type
Private, All-Female
Religious affiliation
Roman Catholic
Established
1928
Oversight
Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth
Principal
Sr. Mary Joan Jacobs
Vice principal
Sr. Mary McDevitt
Sr. David Sibiski
Grades
9-12
Enrollment
480 (2008)
Average class size
20
Student:teacher ratio
9:1
Campus size
30 acres
Color(s)
Blue and Gold
Athletics conference
Athletic Association of Catholic Academies
Mascot
Panda
Accreditation(s)
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
Tuition
$9,500 (2009-10)
Alumni
7,000+
Dean of Academic Affairs
Sr. Teresa Mary Lukaszewski
Admissions Director
Lisa Riccio
Athletic Director
Danielle Wilson
Website
nazarethacademyhs.org
Nazareth Academy High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia.
Contents
1Background
2Performing arts
3Notable alumni
4External links
5Notes and references
Background
Nazareth Academy was established in 1928 by the Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth.
Nazareth Academy is dedicated to educating young women at the high school level.
Mission: “In a family-centered environment, we strive to encourage each student to reach her full potential and to accept the challenges of life with integrity and dignity. By providing a spirituality based on Gospel values, a challenging academic curriculum, and varied extracurricular activities, we encourage each student to create her personal vision and to respond to the needs of the Church and society.”
This article may contain wording that merely promotes the subject without imparting verifiable information. Please remove or replace such wording, unless you can cite independent sources that support the characterization.
Performing arts
Nazareth Academy High School has had a history of upholding an excellent music department. Over 25% of the school’s population participates in the eight music activities Nazareth Academy High School has to offer. For girls interested in pursuing music further, they may choose to take Music Major classes which teach music theory, dictation, sight reading and singing skills, and much more. There are many performance opporutnities for girls in the music department, and each year the Orchestra, Jazz Band, and Chorale compete and have received many outstanding awards in recognition for the talent and skill level of girls at Nazareth Academy.
Nazareth Academy High School’s Theater Department has a lot to offer. With a “Theater in the Round” experience, the audience can really see a beautiful musical come to like once a year on the Nazareth stage. In October 2007, the school’s production was The Sound of Music. The show was beautifully done with a simple set and wonderful orchestrations. This Rodgers and Hammerstein classic brought everyone to their feet at the curtain call, with a standing ovation every night.
Notable alumni
Maureen Johnson - author
External links
School Website
Notes and references
^MSA-CSS. “MSA-Commission on Secondary Schools”. http://www.css-msa.org/search.php?MODE=VIEW(PA276)&org=CSS. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
^NAHS. “School History”. Nazareth Academy High School website. http://www.nazarethacademyhs.org/aboutus/history.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth_Academy_High_School_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania)”
Categories: High schools in Pennsylvania | Private schools in Pennsylvania | Roman Catholic secondary schools in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Educational institutions established in 1928 | Girls’ schools in the United StatesHidden categories: Articles with peacock terms from October 2009 | All articles with peacock terms | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from December 2007
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This page was last modified on 19 January 2010 at 22:00.
Langenapel is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Salzwedel.
This Altmarkkreis Salzwedel location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langenapel”
Categories: Villages in Saxony-Anhalt | Altmarkkreis Salzwedel geography stubs
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This page was last modified on 10 January 2010 at 20:27.
Amigo Spiele is a German board and card game publisher. Many of their games have won Spiel des Jahres awards, and many have been published in English by Rio Grande Games.
This article needs references that appear in reliable third-party publications. Primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject are generally not sufficient for a Wikipedia article. Please add more appropriate citations from reliable sources. (October 2009)
The Pharmacy education and profession in India up to graduate level is regulated by the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), a statutory body governed by the provisions of the Pharmacy Act, 1948 passed by the Indian Parliament.
The Pharmacy Act 1948 was enacted on 4.3.1948 with the following preamble- “An Act to regulate the profession of pharmacy. Whereas it is expedient to make better provision for the regulation of the profession and practice of pharmacy and for that purpose to constitute Pharmacy Councils”.
The PCI was constituted on 9.8.49 under section 3 of the Pharmacy Act.
Objectives
Reg.ulation of the Pharmacy Education in the Country for the purpose of registration as a pharmacist under the Pharmacy Act.
Re.gulation of Profession and Practice of Pharmacy.
Functions & Duties
To prescribe minimum standard of education required for qualifying as a pharmacist. (Ref.: section 10 of the Pharmacy Act)
Framing of Education Regulations prescribing the conditions to be fulfilled by the institutions seeking approval of the PCI for imparting education in pharmacy. (Ref.: section 10 of the Pharmacy Act)
To ensure uniform implementation of the educational standards throughout the country. (Ref.: section 10 of the Pharmacy Act)
Inspection of Pharmacy Institutions seeking approval under the Pharmacy Act to verify availability of the prescribed norms. (Ref.: section 16 of the Pharmacy Act)
To approve the course of study and examination for pharmacists i.e. approval of the academic training institutions providing pharmacy courses. (Ref.: section 12 of the Pharmacy Act)
To withdraw approval, if the approved course of study or an approved examination does not continue to be in conformity with the
External links
Official Website
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy_Council_of_India”
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This page was last modified on 23 February 2010 at 18:16.
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)
Concelho (usage county) is the informal and traditional name for a municipality in Portugal and its former overseas provinces:
List of municipalities of Portugal
Municipalities of Portugal
Municipalities of Macau
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Types of administrative country subdivision
Smallcaps indicate a type used by ten or more countries.
Current English terms
Autonomous area ·Bailiwick ·Banner (Autonomous banner) ·Block ·Borough (County borough ·Metropolitan borough) ·Cadastral division ·Capital (Federal capital) ·Canton·Circle ·Circuit ·City (Autonomous city ·Chartered city ·Independent city) ·Colony ·Commune·Community (Autonomous community ·Residential community) ·Condominium ·Constituency ·County (Administrative county ·Autonomous county ·Metropolitan county) ·Council ·Department·District (Autonomous district) ·Capital district·City district ·Federal district ·Metropolitan district ·Municipal district ·Subdistrict) ·Division ·Duchy ·Eldership ·Federal dependency ·Governorate·Hamlet ·Insular area ·Local administrative unit ·Local Government Area ·Municipality (Direct-controlled municipality ·District municipality ·Regional municipality ·Regional county municipality ·Rural municipality) ·Neighbourhood ·Parish (Civil parish) ·Periphery ·Prefecture (Autonomous prefecture ·Subprefecture) ·Principality (Co-principality) ·Protectorate ·Province (Autonomous province) ·Quarter ·Regency ·Region (Autonomous region ·Capital region) ·Republic (Autonomous republic) ·Reservation (Reserve) ·Riding ·Shire ·State·Suzerainty ·Territory (Autonomous territorial unit ·Capital territory ·Dependent territory ·National territory ·Union Territory) ·Town·Townland ·Township (Township (Scotland) ·Civil township) ·Urban (urbanized) area ·Village·Ward
See also Political division ·Census division ·Electoral division
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concelho”
Categories: Geography of Macau | Geography of Portugal | Municipalities of Portugal | Politics of Macau | Country subdivisionsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources
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This page was last modified on 16 December 2009 at 22:45.
Career Highlights: The Lord of the Rings (1978, voiced Frodo Baggins), The Tempest, Memoirs of a Survivor, Return to Treasure Island (1986)
First Major Screen Credit: Vienna 1900 (1973)
His best remembered roles are on television - as Marcellus in the BBC adaptation of I, Claudius, as Ferdinand in the BBC Shakespeare production of The Tempest, as Ken Hodges in the medical drama Casualty and as Bellboy in the 1988 Doctor Who serial The Greatest Show in the Galaxy. He demonstrated his singing ability in the film version of Stephen Sondheim’s A Little Night Music in the role of Erich Egerman.
External links
Christopher Guard at the Internet Movie Database
Christopher Guard Biography at Answers.com
Alan Rickman biography from the New Zealand Herald
Holby.tv
This article about an English television actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)
The 1470s decade ran from January 1, 1470, to December 31, 1479.
Contents
1Events and trends
1.11470
1.21471
1.31472
1.41474
1.51475
1.61476
1.71477
1.81478
1.91479
2Prominent persons
Events and trends
1470
Battle of Negropont Venetian fleet failed to relieve the colony of Negropont, which was under Turkish attack
March 12 – Battle of Lose-coat Field (Wars of the Roses): Yorkists chased disrobing Lancastrians from the field.
August 20 – Battle of Lipnic; ?tefan cel Mare defeated the Tatars.
Around this date, the Tu’i Tonga dynasty lost temporal power over Tonga and the remnants of the Tongan Empire, after almost six centuries of rule. The Tu’i Ha’atakalaua dynasty ascended in its place.
1471
14 April – Battle of Barnet: Yorkist victory, Warwick the Kingmaker was killed.
4 May – Battle of Tewkesbury – Edward IV of England’s final victory over the House of Lancaster.
October 10 – The Battle of Brunkeberg occurred between Denmark and Sweden.
1472
May 31 – Treaty of Prenzlau was made between Albert III, Elector of Brandenburg and the rulers of Pomerania.
1474
Siege of Neuss Charles the Bold led unsuccessful siege during Burgundy Wars.
Battle of Héricourt Burgundy was defeated.
1475
January 10 – Battle of Vaslui – ?tefan cel Mare defeated a huge Ottoman army.
August 29 – Treaty of Picquigny – Louis XI paid Edward IV to stay in England and relinquish his claim on the French throne.
November – Battle on the Planta (Burgundy Wars)
The Second Castilian Civil War began.
1476
March 2 – Battle of Grandson
June 2 – Battle of Morat
July 26 – Battle of Valea Alb? – Mehmed II defeats ?tefan cel Mare
1477
January 5 – Battle of Nancy – Burgundy’s Charles the Bold is killed.
1478
Battle of Macomer – Sardinian rebels were defeated by the Aragonese.
1479
January 20 – Ferdinand II took the throne of Aragon. Ferdinand and his wife, Isabella, the Queen of Castile, now ruled over most of the Iberian peninsula.
January 25 – The Treaty of Constantinople officially ended the fifteen year war between Venice and the Ottoman Empire.
The Peace of Olomouc concluded the war between King Ladislaus II and Matthias Corvinus.
September 4 – The Treaty of Alcáçovas between Castile and Portugal ended the Second Castilian Civil War, which had begun in 1475.
October – The Battle of Câmpia Pâinii occurred, in which the Kingdom of Hungary defeated the Ottoman Empire and Wallachia.
Prominent persons
Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer and mathematician
A map of Europe in the 1470s.
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1470s”
Categories: 1470sHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources
